《方剂学》等书的英译中,双语内容契合的情况十分普遍,尤其见于辨证论治章节中的主证与主治部分,从中略举一二: (1) 原发性高血压病中肝肾阴虚的主证:“头晕目眩,耳鸣目涩,心悸心烦,失眠健忘,手足心热,腰腿酸软,口干,舌质红,少苔或无苔,脉弦细。直接转换为:Headache , vertigo , tinnitus , dryness of eyes , vexation , palpitation , insomnia , poor memory , feverishsensation in the palms and soles , aching and lassitude ofthe loins and legs , dry mouth , red tongue with littlefur , fine and st ring2like pulse”。(2) 各个穴位的主治部分,如曲池(穴) 的(主治) :咽喉肿痛,腹痛吐泻,痢疾,
dizziness , eczema , residual fever after febrile disease ,
hemiparalysis , swelling and pain of the hand and arm。
当然,这种对应式转换只是相对而论的,大多章节中的直译部分包含着必不可少的意译成分。如在病因病机、证候分析章节的翻译中,同样是词组式的行文,但词语之间隐含的逻辑关系却需要融入意译手段方可完成。例如:“〔证候分析〕:肝气郁结,日久化火,则口苦口干,坐卧不宁,烦燥不安。火盛伤肝,则右肋灼痛,火盛伤津,则大肠失润,大便干燥。”这一段须调整转换才能表达出行文中的主次因果关系:“(ANAL YSIS OFSYNDROMES) : prolonged accumulation of liver2qitends to be t ransformed to fire with manifestations ofbitter dry mouth , restlessness and irritability. And excessive fire will impair liver collaterals marked by burning pain in the right hypochondrian and also impair bodyfluids , which can result in the loss of moisture in thelarge intestine marked by dry stools。”这种直译与意译相溶的翻译方法在中医推拿针灸的介绍中大量运用。
发热,头痛,感冒无汗,或汗出不畅,精神萎糜,惊惕不安等。( Tianmen) Location : the part above the line between the eyebrows up to the anterior hair line. Manipulation : Pushing st raightly with radial surface or face ofthumbs alternatively f rom below to above is called“opening Tianmen”, also known as“pushing Zanzhu”.
透过表层,探究深层的实质含意。阐析性转换模式是翻译中医理论术语的有效手段。如“辨证施治”这一术语蕴含着深刻的语义信息,意思是:将四诊所搜集的临床资料,运用脏腑、经络、病因等基础理论,加以分析、归纳,从而做出诊断和定出治疗措施。只有运用意译方法才能较全面地传达出术语的实质内容,译成:“diagnosis and t reatment based on an overall analysis ofsymptoms and signs , the cause , nature and location ofthe illness and patient’s physical condition according tothe basic theories of t raditional Chinese medicine”。“急下存阴”这一术语指的是治疗实热证的一种疗法,其实质内容是:使用具有清热作用的峻猛的泻药,迅速通便泻热,清除燥结,以保存津液。适用阐析性译法:“Using drastic purgatives to eliminate heat for the preservation of body fluids. ”“发表不远热”指风寒表证,须用辛温药以解表散寒,称为发表不回避热药,阐析性译成“Medicines of hot nature are not cont raindicated in dispelling the superficial factors. ”
dried ginger ( Rhizoma Zingiberis) 6g , ginseng ( RadixGinseng) 3g , Chinese2date ( Fructus Ziziphi Fujubae) 8pieces , decocted together. When the water comes to theboil , decocted with slow fire until the juice becomesthick.