不知道大家发现没有,我们在解释的同时其实还在做一件事,就是“简化”原文。这是必然的,要解释一个概念,我们往往都会选择较简单的文字。这也是listener-friendly的一种做法,在口译实战中,让听者明白译文是最重要的。由此,我们也总结出一条口译原则就是KISS(keep it simple but not stupid).提醒大家注意,在简化的同时千万不要犯傻。如:“秋高气爽,丹桂飘香”有人就译成 “The sky is high and people feel good. The smell of Guihua is good.” 这种译文真是让人啼笑皆非。“秋高气爽”的意思就是:“秋天天气晴朗,气候凉爽”。译成 the weather in autumn is fine 即可。“丹桂飘香”的意思就是“到处可以闻到桂花的香味”,这里如果“桂花”不会译,可以简化成flower ,但绝不能简化到拼音Guihua 的程度。这个词组可译成the scent of flower can be smelled everywhere. 其实,这两句并在一起,还可以做更简单的口译:in the golden season of autumn.
在口译考试的时候碰到些长句是不可避免,不过大家别慌,我们总有办法化解,这方面我们要向给温总理做口译的译员学习。笔者最近对温总理今年三月份的记者招待会做了全文听写,颇有收获。总理讲话包括记者提问,很多都是长句,可是译员的译文一点都不花哨,最常用的三个句型居然是:if…then…(在笔译中,then一般都是会被省去的,这里译员完全是按照中文里的“如果…那么…”的句型口译),not only…but also…;on the one hand…on the other hand。而且,把长句断句的情况也屡见不鲜。在译员的口译中,基本是看不见从句或是分词的踪影,即便是要连接两个句子,也基本上是用的and或是but这样的词。请考生看下面几个例子:
去年下半年以来,物价上涨过快,给群众生活,特别是低收入群体带来很大的困难。
In last year, particularly the latter part of last year, the price level rose excessively. This has made the lives of people, particularly those low income groups more difficult.
At the same time we need to bear in mind that china is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. We must ensure that our economy continues to grow at a proper way in order to ease the pressure on employment and in this way we will properly address the problems on our way ahead through further development.
在这句话中,译员在“发展中国家”处断开了。其实,这句话也可以译成因果句,As China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, we must……,笔者认为译成因果句使得上下文更连贯,可是这里译员并没有这么处理,可能是现场压力大,根本来不及仔细思考。这样的例子在记者招待会中还有很多,所以,笔者在这里大胆地建议考生们,在听到长句时,不妨就分割成几个小句,这样不仅降低了长句的难度,而且还不易出错。
Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence provided that they give priority to their people’s fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other.
Countries with different social systems and cultural traditions must give priority to their people’s fundamental interests and respect and tolerate each other. Finally, those countries can transcend ideological differences and enjoy common development on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
改译后的句子恐怕让原句的连贯性受到一些干扰,但这也是没要办法的事,在口译中追求完美是不现实的。
Chinese communities are thriving in many American urban centers, and their reputation as a model minority has aroused further interest in this distant land, which is so vastly different.
We are fully capable of maintaining stability and the normal public order in Tibet and at the same time we will continue to support the effort of Tibet to develop the economy and make social progress. We will continue to help Tibet to improve the livelihood of people of all ethnic groups and we will continue to support the efforts to protect the cultural and natural environment in Tibet. We will never waver in this position.
I would like to say that as long as china and India have the sincerity in resolving the issue, as long as we approach the issue on the basis of equality, mutual benefits and mutual accommodation, new progress will be made in the negotiations.
各位考生朋友不难发现,例1和例2中,译员重复了主语和谓语部分,例3重复了连接词as long as。在整个记者招待会的口译中,这样的重复可以说是比比皆是,此外,还有主语,不定式,介词词组的重复等,这里不再一一列举。这和我们上一次讲到的“简单句和断句”技巧也是相通的。