十种翻译技巧（A）

十种翻译技巧（A）
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2017/5/9 12:55:30

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eging3

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十种翻译技巧（A）

十种翻译技巧

了解完四种翻译方法后，我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧，即重复法(repetition)，增词法(amplification)，省略法(omission)，词类转换法(conversion)，词序调整法(inversion)，拆译法(division)，合译法（combination），正说反译和反说正译法(negation)，语态变换法(voice changes)，引申法（extension）和句子成分转译法。

1重复法(repetition)

重复法(repetition)是在翻译中，为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确，文字通顺、流畅，符合目的语习惯的文字，而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。

例子：

1.You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary man in the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they‟ll understand and see that you‟re speaking to them in German. （重复谓语动词）

你一定要问一问家庭主妇们，问一问街头玩耍的孩子，问一问集市上做买卖的百姓，听听他们说些什么，他们如何说，你就如何译；这样他们就会理解，就会明白：你是在用德语和他们讲话。

2.We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)

我们必须分析问题，解决问题。

3.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分)

无知是畏惧之源，羡慕之根。

4.But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)

但我们仍有不足，而且是很大的不足。

5.The dog is chasing the cat which is chasing a rat which is having a piece of cheese in its mouth. (指代内容的重复)

那条狗在追着那只猫，而猫又在追着一只老鼠，老鼠的嘴里衔着一块奶酪。

6.判断我们各方面工作的是非得失，归根到底，要以是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强我国的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。

In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people‟s living standards.

7.I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（重复名词）

8. The three most important effects of an electric current are heating, magnetic and chemical effects.

电流的三种最重要的效应是热效应、磁效应和化学效应。

9. Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in direction.

交变应力不仅大小不同，而且方向不同。

10. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。

11. Sleep is most graceful in an infant soundest ,in one who has been tired in the open air; completest ,to the sea man after a hard voyage most welcome ,to the mind haunted with one idea most touching to look at ,in the parent that has wept ;lightest ,in the playful child ; proudest ,in the bride abored .

婴儿的睡眠，最为优美；经过一番户外劳作，疲惫不堪的人的睡眠，最为酣畅；在艰苦航程之后的水手的睡眠，最为圆满；为某种意念所苦的人，对睡眠最为欢迎；哭泣后的母亲的睡眠，最为动人；一个顽皮小孩的睡眠，最为轻松；一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠，最为骄傲。

2增词法(amplification)

在翻译中为了使译文通顺易懂，或是为了行文生动，更符合目的与的语言习惯而采取的增加部分解释性词语、连接词、类属词、概括性词语和代词的做法叫增词法(amplification)。

1.The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a combination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property.

参考译文：在接下来的几代中，因为遭遇旱灾，被人勒索，再加上给优伶的封赏太多，这个家族便最终资财耗尽，风光不再了。

2.The men squatted in their dark-colored logy is, the ever-present cheroots clenched between their teeth.

参考译文：男人们穿着深色的袍裙，蹲坐在那里，嘴里总是叼着烟。

3.His consideration of the Bible with the language of ordinary people and his consideration of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and the TT reader were crucial in his translation.

他注重使用民众的语言来翻译圣经，注重为目的语和目的语文本的读者考虑，这两点在他的翻译中很关键。

4.This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.

尽管有种种不周全之处，这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。

5.Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花满院盛开

6. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人严谨。

7. 不要重复叶公好龙那个故事，讲了多少年的社会主义，临到社会主义跑来找他，她又害怕起来了。（《毛泽东选集》，第五卷）

The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated. One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.

8. Day after day he came to his work——sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

他每天来干活——扫地，擦桌椅，清理房间。

9. 一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三人帮。

A bamboo fence needs the support of three stakes, and an able man needs the help of three other persons. Stakes make a bamboo fence stand, and supporters help an able man succeed.

10. 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge liang the master mind.

3省略法(omission)

省略法(omission)是为了行文的简洁和更符合目的与习惯，将一些重复的词语或一些已被涵盖的意义省去的翻译方法，而原文的意义并未因此受到任何损失。

1.When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief.

她无法抉择，心情压抑，而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或是送到诊所接受检查，她就会有一种轻松感。

2.Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives.

鲁珀特年龄小，双膝柔韧，学着当地人的样子，弓背缩身地跪坐着。

3.Stainless steel possess

译文：不锈钢硬度大，强度高。

4.Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell wall.

青霉素的作用是不让细菌制造细胞壁。

5.This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.

海底软泥和泥层下面是坚硬的岩石层。

6.There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year.

今年，我们的装机容量增加了30%。

7. 在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的的错误。

We must avoid making mistakes in our work.

8. 质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.

9. He put his hand into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.

他双手插进口袋，耸了耸肩。

10. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.

仓库重地，严禁吸烟。

11. 匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。

Wherever they went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.

12. 前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。

“Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.

13. 我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and up heaval of that time.

14. 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。（《毛泽东选集》三卷，779页）

What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.

专业翻译公司 http://www.e-ging.com

［eging3 于 2017-5-9 13:47:52 编辑过］排版出错