翻译技巧——虚拟语气祥解（三）

我的论坛 → 翻译业界交流 → 翻译高手求教 → 翻译技巧——虚拟语气祥解（三）

翻译技巧——虚拟语气祥解（三）
	发起人：eging　　回复数：0　　浏览数：6560　　最后更新：2019/4/15 9:44:58 by eging

发表新帖

　帖子排序：

2019/4/15 9:44:56

[只看该作者] #1

eging

角　　色：普通会员
发帖数：3730
注册时间：2015/6/5

回复编辑删除

翻译技巧——虚拟语气祥解（三）

或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

　　10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.　

　　判断改错:

　　(错)11.　You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

　　(对)12.　Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

　　(错)13.　I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

　　(对)14.　I insisted that you were wrong.

　　例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.

　　A. were not played 　　B. not be played

　　C. not to play 　　　　D. did not play

　　全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气，所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式，不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式，同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且，它是主动语态形式，而本题要用被动语态。

　　练习：

　　16). The chairman requested that .

　　［A］the members studied more carefully the problem

　　［B］the problem was more carefulnessly studied

　　［C］with more carefulness the problem could be studied

　　［D］the members study the problem more carefully

　　17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

　　［A］would be discussed

　　［B］will be discussed

　　［C］be discussed

　　［D］may be discussed

　　18). The doctor insisted that his patient .

　　［A］that he not work too hard for three months

　　［B］take it easy for three months

　　［C］taking it easy inside of three months

　　［D］to take some vacations for three months

　　三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。

　　I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

　　我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

　　练习：

　　1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?

　　［A］It is believed

　　［B］Should they believe

　　［C］They would believe

　　［D］If they would believe

　　2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

　　［A］will leave

　　［B］may leave

　　［C］leave

　　［D］leaves

　　四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。

　　(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

　　(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

　　(3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.

　　(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.

　　(5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.

　　(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

　　(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

　　(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

　　(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

　　(10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

　　(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

　　(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

　　注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形

　　I would rather stay at home today.

　　②would rather...than...中用动词原形

　　I would rather stay at home than go out today.

　　五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

　　I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。

　　第二节：主语从句中的虚拟语气

　　一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气

　　在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）

　　常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。

　　常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)

　　1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

　　2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)

　　3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)

　　4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

　　5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)

　　6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)

　　7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。

　　8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

　　9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。

　　注：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

　　10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

　　二、在It is ＋名词＋that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词

　　有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，

　　requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

　　⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

　　第三节：虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

　　当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：

　　demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)

　　advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)

　　order (命令)

　　necessity (必要地), preference (优先)

　　proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)，

　　recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

　　We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

　　The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by

　　everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

　　⑴、 The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

　　(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

　　⑵、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

　　conference.

　　(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

　　⑶、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)