1、“…化”
   现代化→modernize
　 市场化→marketize
　 地区化→regionalize
　 多极化→polypolarize
　 干部队伍的革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化。
　 The ranks of the cadres become more revolutionary, younger in average age, better-educated and
   more professionally competent. / Cadres are more revolutionary, younger, better-educated and
   more professional.
　 国际关系民主化
　 Democracy should be practiced in international relations. / We should practice democracy in
   international relations.
　 企业化→turn …into business institutions make…function as an enterprise
　 集团化→incorporate…into an enterprise
　 公开化→to be brought into the open
　 股份化→transfer…into share holding
　 如果两岸客运包机实现“节日化”，还可以向常态化发展。
　 节日化→on all festivals and holidays
　 常态化→develop toward normalization / develop into a regular practice / develop and normalize
           this practice

2、“在…的…下”
    在改革开放的推动下→Thanks to the further push by the opening-up and reform
　　在中国共产党的领导下→Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
　　在改革开放政策的带动下→Driven by the reform and opening-up policy

3、“是”    constitute / represent / form / prove / 系表结构以外的形式
　　…已是世界文化遗产之一
　　... has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List
　　旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。
　　Tourism has demonstrated the happy wish for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.
　  21世纪头20年，是中国全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的重要战略机遇期，也是中国旅游业发
    展的有利时期。
　　The first 20 years of the 21st century represents an important strategic period for China to
    achieve all-round construction of a better-off society and to speed up its socialist
    modernization.

4、“对…表示赞赏”
　　we appreciate
　　we’d like to express our appreciation for…
　　we think highly of…
　　…deserve our admiration
　　we see something constructive/admirable/meaningful/inspiring in your…

5、正向强化 “+”
　 加强合作→strengthen cooperation
　 促进发展→promote development
　 增加机会→increase opportunities
　 深化改革→deepen reform
　 推动贸易→facilitate trade
   万能动词further

6、“值得（我们）欣慰 / 高兴 / 欣喜 / 庆贺的是…”
　　It is gratifying / delightful / pleasing / wonderful / great（for us）to know / see…
　　We / People are gratified / delighted / pleased / happy / glad to know / see…

7、“是…的原因”
　　be the instrument of
　　A  generates / gives rise to / gives birth to / leads to / results in  B
　　As a result / Consequently / Finally / ……
　　各国有着不同的发展历史、文化传统、政治制度和经济模式，这是亚太地区富有发展活力的重要原因。
　　Countries are different in history, cultural tradition, political system and economic model,
    which gives the region its very vigor and vitality.

8、“问题”        problem
　　安全问题→security concerns / security issues / security threats
　　台湾问题→Taiwan issue / problem / question
　　根本问题→basic question
　　原则问题→matter of principle
　　找出问题→locate the fault
　　扬声器有问题→There is a fault in the loudspeaker.
　　我今天谈四个问题→I’d like to make four points today.

9、“方式”        ways/approaches
　　工作方式→work pattern
　　管理/领导方式→style of management / leadership
　　各种付款方式→various methods of payment
　　经营方式→mode of operation
　　生活方式→way of life / life style / mode of living
　　运输方式→means / forms of transport
　　方式更加隐蔽，手段更加残忍。
　　Their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal.
    用和平谈判的方式解决问题
　　solve a problem by peaceful negotiation
    他做什么事都有自己的一套方式。
　　He has a style of his own in everything.

10、主张 / 坚持 / 提出 / 倡议 / 倡导
　　stand for / maintain / hold / believe / agree / put forward / propose
　　advocate / affirm / attest / avow / aver
　　主张改革→favor reforms/in favor of reforms
　　主张维护世界和平→stand for the maintenance of world peace
　　坚持全面的、历史的、发展的观点
　　persist in the comprehensive, historical and developmental viewpoint
　　倡导禁止核武器→take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons

11、“重点”
　　重点项目→key project
　　重点工作→focal point of the work
　　重点发展→put priority on the development of sth
　　重点推广→make sth the keystone of popularization
　　主张改革→favor reforms / in favor of reforms
　　重点支持生产区发展粮食生产→Support will be focused on increasing production in major grain
    producing areas.

12、“工作”、”现象”、“形势”
　　大多数美国人，尤其是少数民族，都确信美国经济制度中存在着不公正现象。
　　Most people in America, minority people in particular, are convinced that injustices exist in
    their economic system.
　　最高级会议的准备工作继续进行。
　　Preparations for the summit meeting continued.
　　促进全国的创新工作          promote innovation on a national scale
　　世界形势继续发生深刻变化。
　　The world is further witnessing deep changes.

13、“充分发挥 / 发扬”
　　 充分发挥积极性→ give full play to one’s initiative
　　 bring one’s initiative into full play
　　 我们应当充分发扬自力更生的精神。
　　 We should give full play to the spirit of self-reliance.
　　 科研机构转制为企业后，将建立现代企业制度，适应市场需要，从而充分发挥其研究、开发和创新的优
     势。
　　 Scientific research institutions, when transformed into enterprises, shall establish the
     modern enterprise system and orient / gear themselves geared to the needs of the market,
     giving full play to their strength in research, development and innovation.

14、“有利于…”beneficial / conducive / advantageous / wholesome / favorable / helpful　　
　　中国将扶持有利于高新技术发展的资本市场。
　　China will help foster capital markets conducive to the development of high-tech industries.

15、“携手”    hand in hand / join hands / work jointly / make a concerted effort
　　中国的科技部门将与国际科技界和全球经济界、商界携手共建新世界的创业平台。
　　China’s science and technology sector will work in partnership with the international
    community of science and technology as well as the economic and business circles of the world
    to build up a platform for innovation in the new century.

16、“关键”     key / decisive factor / hinge / crux
　　关键的一年→crucial year
　　关键人物→person of importance
　　到关键时刻→when it comes to the crunch
　　起关键作用→play a pivotal role
　　The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.
　　问题的关键是人们的态度改变了。
　　Now we come to the crux of the problem.
　　现在我们来谈问题的症结所在。
　　双方的谈判已到了关键时期。
　　The negotiations between the two sides are approaching the crisis.　　

17、“在…层面 / 方面 / 问题 / 战线上”             on + side/front/level/plane
　　在内部方面→on the internal side
　　在外交战线→on the diplomatic front
　　在意识形态战线→on the ideological front
　　在高层领导层面→on the top leadership level
　　在有利方面→on the plus side
　　在不利方面→on the minus side
　　在精神层面→on the spiritual plane
　　在物质层面→on the material plane

18、“由于…”
　　thanks to / by virtue of（褒义）
　　because of / owing to / due to / on account of（中性）
　　in consequence of（贬义）
　　由于缺乏沟通而产生的问题→problems arising out of the lack of communication
　　由于时间晚了，我现在要回家了。
　　Since it is late, I shall go home now.

19、“流传”
　　谣言在街上流传。
　　Rumor circulated through the town.
　　有关他辞职的消息传得很快。
　　Word spread quickly about his resignation.
　　在中国，也流传着这样的话……
　　a century-old popular saying    或    a long-held popular view / opinion

20、“具有”
　　具有悠久的历史→with a long history
　　具有高度的责任心→possess a high sense of responsibility
　　具有深远的意义→have a profound historical significance
　　具有浓郁东方气息→possess a rich oriental flavor
　　具有丰富的资源和众多的人口→boast abundant resources and populations
　　具有法律义务承担责任→under the legal obligation to undertake the responsibility

21、“适应”   adapt to / be accustomed to / fit in with
　　中国地毯业在保持中华民族传统特色的同时，还将在融汇东西方文化的精粹和适应国际流行色调上下功夫。
　　分析：这里的“适应”并不是指“中国地毯也怎样从不适应走向适应”，而是指“怎样跟上国际流行
         色调”、“怎样与国际流行色调保持同步”，或者“怎么迎合国际流行色调的品味”，因此可
         译为：
          to keep up with international fashions in color and tone
          to conform to international fashions in color and tone
          to gear to internationally prevalent colors and tones

22、“精粹” / “精华” / “精髓”
　　古典文学精髓→quintessence / cream of classical literature
　　马克思主义精髓→pith and marrow of Marxism
　　概括文章的精华→sum up the gist of an article
　　取其精华，去其糟粕→select the essence and discard the gross
　　他们是这一代人中的精华→They are the cream / pick of this generation.
　　日月之精华→radiance of the sun and moon
　　文章必须短小而精粹→The article must be short and succinct.
　　融汇东西方文化的精粹→blending / merging the picks of Oriental and Occidental cultures

23、“什么”
　　两岸对话和谈判即可恢复，而且什么问题都可以谈。
　　we can talk about any issue. / Any issue can be talked about. / There will be no limitations 
    to the kind of issues in our talks. / No limitations will be set to the issues in our
    talks. / We will set no limitations to the issues to be discussed in the two-party talks.

24、“轨道”
　　我们希望台湾当局早日回到“九二共识”的轨道上来。
   分析：path  轨道
          course / track  轨道
   答案：We hope that Taiwan authorities could return to the course of the “1992 Consensus”
          at an early rate.
          他们设法使自己国家的经济走上正轨。
　　      They tried to put their country’s economy on course.
　　      双方都像使他们的谈判沿着正确的轨道进行。
　      　Both sides want to put their talks on the right track.

25、“方针”
　　……寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变。
　　分析：policy  政策
　　      guidelines / guiding principle  方针
　　答案：Our guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people will remain unchanged. / Never
          change the guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people.

26、“分隔”
　　“台独”分裂势力越是想把台湾同胞同我们分隔开来，我们就越是要更紧密地团结台湾同胞。
     分析：separate / divide  分隔
　　        isolate / insulate  分隔
　　  答案：The more the “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces try to insulate Taiwan
             compatriots from us, the more closely we will try to unite with them.

27、“没有”
　　如果没有西方的价值观体系，就没有任何社会可以真正地实现现代化。
　　分析：if there is no Western value system  如果没有西方的价值观体系
　　      without the Western value system  如果没有西方的价值观体系
　　答案：Without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able
          to achieve modernization.

28、“陆续”
　　代表陆续到达上海。
　　The delegates arrived in Shanghai one after another.
　　好消息接二连三地陆续传来。
　　Good news came to us in succession.
　　我们将进一步陆续出台解决台湾同胞关心的问题、维护台湾同胞正当权益的政策措施。
　　We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address
    issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and
    interests.
29、“解决”
　　我们将进一步陆续出台解决台湾同胞关心的问题、维护台湾同胞正当权益的政策措施。
　　We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address 
    issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and
    interests.

30、“热衷于”
      许多西方学者热衷于探讨不同文明的关系。　　
     分析：evince a strong passion for  热衷于
　　      crave  热衷于
　　      be fond of  热衷于
　　      be keen on  热衷于
　　      have  shown/demonstrate/displayed/taken  deep/strong/keen  interest in  热衷于
　　      他热衷于追名逐利。
          He hankers after personal fame and gain.
　　　　  他们热衷于溜冰。
　      　They are fond of skating.

31、“思想”
　　孔子的“仁政”和“和而不同”思想，对于一个国家的治国者，不能说是没有意义的。
　　Confucius’ idea of “benevolent governance” and his concept of “being harmonious while
    remaining different” are of great significance to any leader of a country.
　　对外改革开放的思想→the idea of the reform and opening-up to the outside world
　　有中国特色的市场经济思想→the concept of a market economy with Chinese characteristics

32、“涉外”concerning foreign affairs or foreign nationals  或  involving / related 
    to foreign nationals and countries
　　涉外工作→working involving foreign countries or foreign nationals
　　涉外问题→issues related to foreign countries or foreign nationals
　　涉外经济法规→laws and regulations governing business relations with foreign organizations  
    and individuals
　　涉外饭店→hotels designated for accommodating foreigners
　　涉外经济合同→an economic contract involving a foreign partner / party

33、“根据”　　
    根据本条例→in accordance / accord with the spirit of this regulations
　　根据合同使用劳动力→use labor on a contract basis
　　根据具体情况→in the light of the circumstances
　　根据先例→based on precedents
　　根据重量→by weight
　　根据现行中国法律→under the existing Chinese law
　　毫无根据→be utterly groundless
　　她的怀疑是有充分根据的→There is great cause for her suspicion.